Oct. 2, 2013 — Transgendered androphilic males were accepted in traditional
hunter-gatherer cultures because they were an extra set of hands to support
their families. Conversely, by investing in and supporting their kin, these
males ensured that their familial line -- and therefore also their own genetic
make-up -- passed on to future generations despite their not having children of
their own. This is according to an ethnographic study led by Doug VanderLaan of
the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Canada, published in Springer's
journal Human Nature. The study reports that this "kin selection" is
still at play in pro-transgender societies today.
'Androphilia' refers to a
predominant sexual attraction towards adult males, and takes on one of two
possible gender roles depending on the cultural context: sex-gender congruent
male androphilia (the typical male gender role) or transgendered androphilia (a
gender role markedly similar to that of females in a given culture). Typically
one of these variations is dominant within a society. The researchers also wanted to test predictions that enhanced kin-directed
altruism is prominent in societies in which transgendered male androphilia is
predominant.
To answer this question,
VanderLaan and his colleagues compared the sociocultural environment of
contemporary transgendered societies with ancestral small-group
hunter-gatherers. .
The analysis utilized
ethnographic information about well-described nonindustrial societies from the
Standard Cross-Cultural Sample.VanderLaan and his colleagues found that
transgendered male androphilia is an ancestral phenomenon typically found in
communities with certain ancestral sociocultural conditions, such as
"bilateral descent." This term refers to societies in which the
families of both one's father and mother are equally important for emotional,
social, spiritual and political support, as well as the transfer of property or
wealth.
Also, the acceptance and
tolerance of same-sex behavior evolved within a suitable, accepting environment
in which discrimination against transgendered males was rare. Importantly, kin
selection might have played a vital part in maintaining genes for male
androphilia these societies.Unless transgendered
androphilic males are accepted by their families, the opportunities for them to
invest in kin are likely limited. What was true of our ancestors still holds
true. A society's specific social organization and its general acceptance of
transgenderism and homosexuality is even important today. When supported by
society, transgendered males invest their time and energy in their kin in turn
REFERENCIA BIBLIOGRÁFICA :http://www.sciencedaily.com
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